Thursday, 3 April 2014

In Memoriam Renuka Ray 1925 -- 2014

First of all, on behalf of my sister Pam and myself, we would like to thank everyone for coming here today to remember our mother Renuka Ray. I just wanted to say a few words as a memorial to her. Our mother was born in Calcutta in India in 1925. She was one of 4 sisters and 2 brothers. Her father Narendranath Sen was a physicist at Calcutta University. Our mother was brought up in the hustle and bustle of a big extended family with lots of cousins spending time together – and it’s nice that mum’s cousin Arun and his brother’s wife Sujata are able to be here today. She went to school in Calcutta and then went on to study Modern History at Calcutta University. She then became a teacher at the Loretto Girls school in Calcutta. At the age of 31 she was married to our father, Prabhat Ray, a research chemist. In 1960 he came to London to start a PhD, and my mum and Pam and myself followed him to the UK in 1962. In England, Mum at first took a job as a primary school teacher. But she soon found that teaching in a British school is a world apart from teaching at a private girls school in Calcutta. She gave up teaching and eventually worked for a number of years as a clerical assistant in the Department of Trade and Industry.

Mum’s interest in history stayed with her throughout her life. She was a great reader and in her fifties, she became very interested in everything to do with the last Tsar of Russia. She read every book she could find on the subject including some very obscure and old books which she ordered through the local public library. She also visited Russia and saw all the palaces and sites that she had become so familiar with through her reading. Eventually she started putting her researches down on paper and this resulted in a book entitled The Last Tsar and the Downfall of the Russian Monarchy which was privately printed for her seventieth birthday. This book has now been uploaded onto the internet and if anyone is interested the web address is given on the back of the order of service.

She also enjoyed reading novels – David Copperfield, Jane Eyre and Vanity Fair were probably her favourites. Later in life she greatly enjoyed reading the books written by the Christian author Corrie Ten Boom. She was fascinated by Corrie Ten Boom’s story of how she and her family saved many Jews in occupied Holland from being taken to the concentration camp and then were eventually sent to the camp themselves yet discovered God’s love and grace even there. She read the books by Corrie Ten Boom over and over and learned much about the power of forgiveness which she was able to apply in her own life.

Mum was also very interested in the British Royal Family and especially in the details of the abdication crisis. She must hold the record for the number of times that anyone has watched the Thames Television drama, Edward and Mrs Simpson. I’m not exaggerating when I say that she must have watched it right through at least a hundred times. Watching videos that she enjoyed over and over again was something that she did a lot of – Anne of Green Gables, documentaries about Princess Diana, and comedies such as Keeping Up Appearances, Rising Damp and Open All Hours, and even the film, Forest Gump, were her particular favourites. She had a great sense of humour and I think we all remember times when she would become hysterical with laughter. She was a great raconteur with an amazing memory and had an endless collection of stories about different relatives. She was very interested in politics, generally holding quite radical views, though her favourite British politician was Edward Heath. Her great hero was the Bengali Indian nationalist leader Subhas Chandra Bose. The day India became independent must have been one of the happiest of her life, though it was tempered by the fact that Bose himself did not live to see it. She loved travelling, especially visiting historical places; she loved having days out and spending time with people; she loved McDonalds.

She had a great interest in music all her life. She had a fine singing voice, and at the age of 15, she auditioned for the Calcutta Radio. Unfortunately due to nervousness this didn’t go too well but the Radio station encouraged her to come back in 6 months. Unfortunately she then suffered a bout of bronchitis which sadly put an end to this ambition. She appreciated much British pop music especially from the 60s and 70s – Val Doonican, Roger Whittaker, The Carpenters, Abba, Elton John amongst others. I remember her once telling me that she had come across a great new singer called Arthur Brownlow. I had no idea who it was until I eventually worked out that she meant Barry Manilow. In recent years she greatly enjoyed singing Christian worship songs at church – the two songs we are singing at this service today were her particular favourites and I have many memories of her wandering around the house singing these songs. She also loved to listen to a CD of worship songs which Pam herself had written and performed. Throughout her life she loved the music associated with the great Bengali writer and composer, Rabindranath Tagore. She knew huge amounts of Tagore’s poetry by heart, and she loved the songs, several of which she could play on the piano. She also greatly enjoyed the film adaptations Of some of Tagore’s stories by the director Satyajit Ray. We have already heard one of Tagore’s songs which became the Indian national anthem. And in a few minutes we’re going to listen to mum’s favourite song “Diner Sheshe” which means the Day’s Ending, performed many years ago by her favourite singer, Hemanta Mukherjee.


We will never forget Mum – her beautiful smile, her infectious sense of humour, her interesting stories, her love of people and good company, her warmth, kindness generosity and love.

Wednesday, 2 April 2014

Renuka Ray - Funeral Service

Renuka Ray







17th March 1925—18th March 2014


3pm Friday 4th April 2014
ORDER OF SERVICE



Entrance
Jana Gana Mana (National Anthem of India)
Words (Bengali) and music by Rabindranath Tagore


Welcome and Introduction
Reverend Mark Aldridge

Opening Prayer


Song: Within the Veil

Within the veil I long to come,
Into the Holy Place to look upon His face.
I see such beauty there, none other can compare,
I worship Thee, my God, within the veil.


Memorial
Prabal Ray


Song: Diner Sheshe (The day’s ending)
Words (Bengali) by Rabindranath Tagore, Music by Pankaj Mallick, Performed by Hemanta Mukherjee



Reading
Glenys Hulme


Address
Reverend Mark Aldridge


Song: I Love You Lord

I love you, Lord
And I lift my voice
To worship You
Oh, my soul, rejoice!

Take joy my King
In what You hear
Let it be a sweet, sweet sound
In Your ear

Words and music by Laurie Klein




Prayers
Commendation, Farewell and Committal
Reverend Mark Aldridge



All are welcome to join us at:

The Barn Hotel,
West End Road, Ruislip,
Middlesex HA4 6JB


Donations may be made to:

Grandmas, a charity working with women and children in the poorest parts of Kolkata, India via

Renuka Ray’s book
The Last Tsar and the Downfall of the Russian Monarchy
is available to read online at

Other writings - The Trench

From a programme about the First World War


A man read extracts from his father’s letters from the trenches during the First World War.

“I was sitting in  atrench in France with other soldiers, both English and French. It was December and freezing cold. It was also horribly smelly as some of the men were using the trench as a toilet. It was not long to Christmas, and I shed tears when I thought of the wonderful Christmas dinner I had enjoyed back home the previous year. Now this year, everything was different.

On Christmas Day we all cried as we thought of our loved ones back home. Suddenly the Germans attacked. I heard our commander’s voice, “fire, boy! Fire, boy!” We all fired. The fighting continued for more than an hour.

Many of us could not walk because of the freezing cold because of sores and frostbite in their feet.  We all forgot how to sleep. Day and night we waited in the freezing cold, watching out for a German attack. Eventually an attack did come and we had to desert the trench that we had been in as it was occupied by the Germans. We withdrew and dug a new trench some distance back.

Sunday was the one day where things were different. We attended services and prayed for victory. No doubt the Germans did the same”

Other writings - A story by S. Wazed Ali retold in English

A story by S. Wazed Ali Q.C. (Bengali) retold in English by Renuka Ray

I used to live in a narrow street in Calcutta with my family. Opposite to our house was a small grocery shop. An old man owned the shop which sold rice, salt, oil, sugar etc. All day long the old man would serve customers in the shop. Then at the end of the day he would retire to his living quarters for his evening meal. I noticed that every day after about an hour he would reappear in the shop and would proceed to read by the light of a lantern, the Mahabharat and the Ramayana. Often I would hear him sing, “kasiram das kahe suna punyban”.

I finished my studies in Calcutta and then left for England to read for the Bar. After many years I came back home. There were many changes to our neighbourhood. As I walked about I suddenly heard a familiar voice, “kasiram das kahe suna punyban”. I looked around. There was the same grocery shop! And there through the window was the old man reading  by the light of the lantern in the shop window. I went over to the shop. I burst through the door and said to  the old man, “nothing has changed here even after all these years!”. It was then that I suddenly realised that it was not the old man at all – the features were similar but the face was younger and less lined. The man looked at me through his sad eyes, “12 years ago, my father died. Since that day I have followed faithfully this same tradition.”

Later that night I thought to myself, “the years pass by, even generations pass on, but nothing really changes.”

Other Writings: From Jessore to Calcutta

From Jessore to Calcutta by Renuka Ray


Every year during the Durga Puja festival my whole family would gather at my grandfather’s house in a small but very pretty village close to Jessore. When the festival was over (after about a month) we would leave my grandfather’s large, beautiful house where we had been staying. We all set off towards the steamer boat departure point, the servants carrying the luggage on their heads. As it was nearly dusk, each also carried a lantern.

The steamer boat departure point was really just a small hut with a lantern inside. Eventually the steamer would arrive, its huge light shining brightly at us and whistling dreadfully. Having waited a long time, we were all glad to see the steamer. The servants got on first of all, as they had to get our quarters ready. Eventually the steamer captain would blow his whistle, indicating that the boat was about to depart. When this happened the servants would quickly get off the boat and run back to their homes in the village.

As the boat set off, most of the passengers settled down to sleep. However I did not do this. I loved to stand up on deck, holding the railings in the dark, looking at the beautiful countryside near the river – the dimly visible trees casting their long shadows everywhere. From time to time the steamer would stop at villages further up the river and more passengers would get on heaving their luggage with them. I would not sleep at all that night, instead standing on the deck and gazing at the beautiful flat fields and the tall black trees in the river delta. Eventually the faintest glimmer of light on the horizon became visible. Gradually that glimmer became brighter and the darkness receded. People started to wake up. Cries of “Khulna!” were heard as they spotted the skyline of that town (the largest in the district) in the distance. Eventually we were there, the boat stopped, and that magical night journey through the villages of Bengal was over.

At Khulna we had several hours to wait before the arrival of the Calcutta train. My uncle and some of the other relatives jumped in and swam in the river. We girls set off for one of the local hotels where we washed and freshened up after that long boat journey.  Then it was to the hotel dining room for a lovely lunch, sitting not at tables and chairs but on wooden “piris”. Soon though, the time came to go to the station. The train arrived whistling wildly. My family together with all the passengers crowded onto the train and soon we off. Our holiday in East Bengal was over and soon we would once more be in the crowded, noisy metropolis of Calcutta.

The Last Tsar - Chapter One

The Last Tsar
and the

Downfall of the Russian Monarchy








by Renuka Ray














© 1995, by Renuka Ray

Extracts may be copied / reproduced but full attribution (title, author and web address) must be given.


























This book is dedicated to the memory of
my late husband, Prabhat Kumar Ray 1922-1981


Chapter One



On 13th March 1881, Tsar Alexander II, known as the Tsar Liberator for his emancipation of the serfs, was returning home to the Winter Palace just after signing a draft law which would give the zemstvos (local councils) some power and had approved the establishment of a national representative body to advise on legislation.

As his carriage was rolling down the Alexander Bridge over the Neva river, an assassin belonging to the Nihilist Party threw a bomb at his carriage, killing some of his bodyguards and the coachman.

The explosion shattered the vehicle and wounded his horses, but the Emperor escaped unhurt. He got off his carriage and was arranging for the wounded to be sent to hospital when a second bomb exploded between his legs, shattering his body. Still alive and conscious, he whispered - 'Take me home to the Palace, to die there.'

His men carried his mutilated body to the palace, leaving a trail of thick drops of black blood, up the marble stairs, through the long, endless corridors, then to the study, where his body was laid on a couch. There the surgeon of the Imperial family sat beside him, held his blood covered wrist in his hand and declared, 'The Emperor is dead'. The horrified members of the Imperial family rushed to the Palace. The eldest son of the Tsar, and heir to the throne, Alexander, stood near the windows. He looked out and his heavy body shook for a moment, his fists clenching and unclenching. He nodded grimly and left the Palace with his wife, Dagmar, once the princess of Denmark.

Surrounded by Cossacks in attack formation, their red lances shining brightly in the March sunset, the new Emperor and the Empress rushed to the 'Anitchove Palace' where they lived. The last tsar, Nicholas II, was then a thirteen year-old boy. He was standing besides his dead grandfather, staring at his blood-covered body. Without uttering a single word he slowly left the Palace.

The late Emperor's second wife, Princess Yurovskye, rushed from her apartment towards the study crying all the way 'Sasha, Sasha', then threw herself over her husband's body, like a felled tree.

Nicholas wrote in his memoirs - 'There was no need to show us the way to the study. All the way from the Palace square to the study was covered with blood.'

Alexander III ascended the throne on the 13th March 1881. He went to the Admiralty the day after his father's assassination, tore the draft law (which granted some power to the zemstvos or local councils) into pieces. He declared himself autocrat of all Russia. He proclaimed that he would rule '.....with faith in the power and right of autocracy.' To him revolutionaries were nothing but terrorists. He had had nothing to do with them. He lumped them together. Many leaders of the 'Nihilist' Party were hanged, many of them were sent to Siberia, others were sent abroad to live in exile forever.

Alexander III really made the autocracy work. He ruled his country with an iron hand. Throughout his thirteen year reign peace was established and maintained in every corner of Russia. Law and order came back. All sorts of anarchist groups were put down ruthlessly; but he was a man of foresight. He made a peace treaty with France. As a result, France offered him a huge sum of money as a loan. With it he started constructing railways all over Russia under the direction of his famous Minister for Ways and Communication, Count Serge Witte. He built the longest railway in the world 'The Trans Siberian Railway' which started from Moscow and ended at Vladivostock on the Pacific coast. The construction of the longest railway line began in his reign and ended in his son's reign.



The Balls in the Winter Palace


The finest balls in St. Petersburg were given by their Majesties at the Winter Palace. Every year, in January, the famous elegant, dazzling balls were held in the beautiful 'Nicholas Hall' in the Winter Palace, in great pomp and splendour.

No palace in Europe was more suitable for balls than the Winter Palace. In January 1894, a ball was given by the huge Tsar, six feet and four inches tall, and the dark-haired Empress Marie, the daughter of the King of Denmark and sister of Queen Alexandra of England.

In the bitter cold of January, the whole Winter Palace was bathed in the bright floodlight. Inside, the marble staircases were covered with thick red carpets. Exotic orchids and palm trees, beautiful bouquets of flowers in every corner of the hall and on the window sills, superb hanging baskets of chrysanthemums here and there, huge glittering mirrors in gold frames, immensely huge crystal chandeliers, hanging from the high gilded ceiling, illuminated the hall brilliantly, making the Palace look like a fairyland. The ladies of St. Petersburg, covered by dazzling diamonds and fur, appeared one after another. The chevalier guards, in white uniforms with silvered plates and silver eagle-crested helmets and Cossack lifeguards in scarlet tunics, stood to attention.

The Imperial Ball began at 8.30 in the evening. The grand master of the ceremonies tapped on the floor with an ivory staff, and cried out 'Their Imperial Majesties'. The great mahogany doors, inlaid with gold, were opened. The tall, giant Tsar, Alexander III, appeared with his empress Marie. On that special night she wore a silver brocade gown, her famous diamond tiara and fabulous necklace.

The music began with dances; the Polonaise, Quadrille, Mazurka, a waltz followed one after another. At midnight three thousand guests were served with plates of lobster, salad, chicken, tarts and cream. In the middle of supper the tall, powerful Tsar was seen, stopping here and there, to chat. At 1.30 a.m. the Imperial couple left the hall. Marie wrote in her diary - 'I danced and danced until I was carried away.'

In the winter of 1894 the Tsar, Alexander III, caught influenza. He recovered but developed kidney trouble which sapped his vitality and strength rapidly. His daughter, the Grand Duchess, wrote in her memoirs how one morning she was walking with her father. After walking for a few minutes, the Emperor turned back and asked her to go back to the Palace. Being surprised Olga looked at him. 'Papa was pale and looking sick..' The Tsar was really ill. He was only forty-nine years old. He was huge and of a giant-like stature. The Empress, being worried, called the specialist from Vienna who asked the Tsar to go to 'Livadia', in Yalta, immediately, but he told his brother, the Grand Duke Vladimir secretly that the end was near. So the Tsar moved to 'Livadia'.

At the beginning he showed some improvements. His appetite came back. He was sleeping well, but it was only temporary. He again started suffering from insomnia, his legs failed, he lost his appetite, his nose was bleeding. His condition was getting worse and worse. His eldest son, Nicholas, the heir to the throne, was at his bedside with his fiancée, the Princess Alix of Hesse, granddaughter of Queen Victoria. By the end of October the Emperor's condition became worse and he died on 1st November 1894.

The Grand Duke Sandro, brother-in-law of Nicholas, wrote in his autobiography - 'No-one better understood the significance of the death of Alexander III than his son Nicholas. I and Nicky were standing on the balcony of the beautiful Livadia Palace, surrounded by oxygen cylinders watching the end of a colossus. Alexander died as he lived. In the afternoon he had difficulty breathing. He whispered a prayer and died. Nicky took me by the arm and led me downstairs to his room. We embraced and cried together. He could not collect his thoughts. 'Sandro, what am I going to do?' he exclaimed pathetically. 'What is going to happen to me - to all of Russia? I am not prepared to be a tsar. I know nothing of the business of ruling.'

Nicholas wrote in his diary on that night - 'Good God! What a day! Lord God took away our beloved Papa. It is the passing of a saint. Papa has been removed to the Cathedral. We came back to an empty home and broke into tears.'

Nicholas was so depressed, even his fiancee, Princess Alix of Hesse, could not cheer him up. The body of the late Emperor was transferred to Moscow, then to St. Petersburg for burial.

Nicholas II became the tsar and autocrat of all Russia on 1st November 1894, 13 years after the assassination of his grandfather.




The Last Tsar - Chapter Two Imperial Children

Chapter Two
Imperial Children



Grand Duchess Olga, Tsar Nicholas' sister, recalled - 'I heard some sort of noise in the morning, a day after the funeral of Papa. I asked my nanny 'What is the bustle about?', she told me Nicky is getting married. He wouldn't let Alix go home. So the period of mourning was postponed for a week so Nicky and Alix could get married. They got married on 27th November.

On the wedding day Princess Alix drove with her mother-in-law to the Winter Palace where, in a private chapel, they were married.

At a quarter to one they came out as husband and wife, drove to Anitchove Palace where they lived for the time being. The new Empress Alexandra Fedorovna was called 'funeral bride' by the Russian people. 'She came behind the coffin.'

In the summer they moved to the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoe Selo, which became their home for twenty-two years. Alexander Palace was built by Catherine the Great for her grandson, Alexander I, who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Borodino in 1812.

Gleb Botkin, son of Dr. Eugene Botkin, the physician of the Imperial Family, wrote in his memoirs, 'Tsarskoe Selo is the fairyland, earthly abode of human gods. To the monarchist it is Paradise, to the revolutionists it is a sinister place where blood-thirsty tyrants were hatching their terrible plots against the innocent population.'

Tsarskoe Selo was a magnificent symbol of the Russian autocracy. Fifteen miles south of St. Petersburg, a succession of tsars and tsarinas had created an isolated, miniature world, an artificial fantastic, mechanical toy. Around the high iron fence of the imperial park, bearded Cossack horsemen in scarlet tunics rode night and day. Inside the park, monuments, obelisks, triumphal arches studded eight hundred acres of velvet green lawns. An artificial lake, big enough for small sailboats could be emptied and filled like a bath tub.

At one end of the lake stood a pink Turkish bath. At the other end of the lake stood a dazzling red and gold Chinese pagoda, crowning an artificial hillock. Winding paths led through groves of ancient trees. A pony track curved through gardens planted with exotic flowers. Throughout the park were lilacs planted by a dozen empresses. When the spring rain fell, the sweet smell of wet lilacs drenched the air.

In November 1895, the Tsarina gave birth to her first child. It was a daughter named 'Olga'. She was very fair with blonde hair, very similar to her father, both physically and mentally.

Tatiana, the second daughter, was born in 1897, dark with auburn hair, tall and slender, like her mother very active. She was the favourite of her mother and had tremendous influence on her parents. If one of the girls needed a favour from their father, Tatiana was sent to him for his permission, or requested him to grant it. Her sisters and brother called her 'Governess'. When she grew up she was regularly called by her mother to comb and dress her hair. The Empress asked her advice when she was in trouble.

Marie, the third daughter, was born in 1899, was the most beautiful amongst the sisters. She had a fresh complexion and red cheeks, thick light brown hair and dark blue eyes; so large that they were called 'Marie's saucers'. Marie liked to paint, but she was too gay to apply herself seriously. Had she not been the daughter of a tsar, this warm hearted girl would have made some man an excellent wife.

Anastasia, the youngest daughter, was born in 1901. She was short, dumpy, blue-eyed child called in the family 'Wag'. She was witty and vivacious, and also had a streak of stubbornness, mischief and impertinence. She was also a good caricaturist. Anastasia was also a tomboy. She climbed trees to dizzying heights, refusing to come down until specifically commanded by her father. When she was born the Tsar was so disappointed (because he expected her to be a boy). Before facing his wife, the Tsar had to go to the park to conceal his frustration and emotion.

The four grand duchesses were closer to each other than most sisters. All the girls were kind and generous. They used to send money, gifts and presents to the poor girls in joint name 'OTMA'. The fifth and last child was a boy, Alexis Nicholavich, the heir to the throne.

'Alexis was the centre of this united family, the focus of all its hopes and affections. His sisters worshipped him. He was his parent's pride and joy. When he was well the Palace was transformed. Everyone and everything seemed bathed in sunshine.' - Gilliard.

To his mother he was the blessing of God and the fruit of her long prayers.

The Tsarvitch was a handsome little boy with blue eyes and golden hair.

Olga Alexandrovna was most intimate and close to her nieces. She was convinced that her nieces needed an outing. Every Saturday evening she came to Tsarskoe Selo and spent the night in the Palace.

The next morning, on Sunday, she and her four excited nieces boarded the train for the Capital. On the way to their aunt's palace they dropped at Anitchove Palace to have their lunch with their grandmother, the Dowager Empress Marie. In the evening Olga arranged for party, dance, tea, etc., for the girls. The four grand duchesses enjoyed every minute of it. Other young children of the Imperial Family were also invited.

They remained at Olga's palace until midnight, when the Tsarina sent one of her ladies-in-waiting to get the girls home.

In 1914, just before war, the Dowager Empress gave a magnificent ball for her four granddaughters in her Palace. Baroness Sophie Buxhoevedan recalled - 'We remained in Anitchove Palace until 2 a.m. On our way to Tsarskoe Selo the Tsar was sipping a cup of tea and the grand duchesses were talking about sleeping for long in the morning, and getting up late.

In 1911 Grand Duchess Olga, the eldest of the girls, celebrated her sixteenth birthday in Livadia Palace, Yalta. As a present, she received for the first time a beautiful diamond necklace and ring from her parents. In the evening Olga had appeared, flushed and fair, at her first ball to dance and celebrate her birthday.

In 1945, thirty-four years later, Stalin, at the height of his power, received his allies in the same ballroom.

The four sisters were kind and sympathetic to the poor and disabled children. Seeing a child on crutches, Olga enquired and found that the parents were too poor to afford treatment. Olga arranged for the treatment of that crippled child.

As the Imperial children had very short lives, as fate decreed, very little about their talents and personalities are known to the people.